Macroecology of macrophytes in the freshwater realm: Patterns, mechanisms and implications

• Few broad-scale patterns are well-studied for aquatic macrophytes. Local environmental predictors were important freshwater plants at broad-scales. Several knowledge gaps on macroecology of identified. Lack lotic studies and databases species traits phylogeny found. Additional macroecological investigations clearly needed. Broad-scale distributions diversity have contributed to the emergence general rules. These rules typically founded research using well-known terrestrial taxa as models it is thus uncertain whether macrophytes follow these Our purpose draw together available information from growing in lakes, ponds, wetlands, rivers streams. We summarize how different fit shown by various spatial scales. Finally, we outline future actions which should be taken advance plants. review suggested that some relatively well-evidenced macrophytes, whereas little exists others. found, example, richness-latitude relationship follows a unimodal pattern, turnover prevails over nestedness, higher nestedness-related richness differences found low beta regions. Contrary plants, climate or history seem not dominant determinants explaining patterns; instead local explanatory variables (e.g., water quality, such alkalinity nutrients, hydromorphology) often identified several related, smaller number habitats, compared with lentic lack spatially-adequate plant studies, deficiency comprehensive absence true comprising most lineages. hope this will encourage undertaking additional across broad temporal